4/30/13, Boise State University, Dept of Geosciences, Hydrologic Sciences, Jim McNamara Research Director (1999-present), Pam Aishlin site maintenance and data management. Data provided herein is for the Confluence 1 East (C1E) stream measurement site of Dry Creek Experimental Watershed, Boise, Idaho. DATA STREAM: 1. Measurement site was installed by Boise State University in 2004 with data available since 8/19/2004. Instrumentation installed varies over time and may include sensors for stream stage, stream temperature and electrical conductivity measurement. Site maintenance and data collection is provided by Boise State University Hydrologic Sciences. 2. Data files are provided by Campbell Scientific dataloggers and/or self logging instruments, and retrieved either via site visit or telemetry. Files are archived at Boise State University, Hydrologic Sciences, Dept of Geosciences. These raw data files occur at varied data collection intervals, e.g. 10 minute, 30 minute or hourly. ***NOTE: Raw data files are level 0, raw data (CUAHSI HIS standards). (CUAHSI HIS standards, 0 = raw data, 1 = Quality controlled data that have passed quality assurance procedures such as routine estimation of timing and sensor calibration or visual inspection and removal of obvious errors, 2 = Derived products that require scientific and technical interpretation and may include multiple-sensor data. An example is basin average precipitation derived from rain gages using an interpolation procedure.) 3. Select data files are quality checked and post processed for gapfilling, noise filtering and/or corrected according to established instrument calibrations. For stage data, random noise and negative values occuring over short time intervals are replaced with proximate average stage values. During the winter months ice may affect data accuracy, for obvious ice-induced noise (> 5cfs change per time increment occurring in conjunction with freezing temperatures), values are replaced with time range before/after average values. For electrical conductivity, in some instances, negative values are reported when stream is dry, wires are disconnected or other failure occurs. These noise values are replaced with -6999, no data values. Stage-discharge rating curves are applied to continuous stream stage data for output of continuous discharge time series. Where feasible, gaps occuring in the discharge timeseries due to sensor failure/error may be filled via interpolation/regression from same site supplementary instruments or other sites within the same watershed. Raw data timestamps may vary from final output timestamps, in which case raw data will be interpolated for output on the hour. 4. Data as collected and provided is, by protocol, in mountain standard time, year-round. SITE NOTES: Within DCEW, Dry Creek fluvial physical characteristics and process vary between plane-bed, step-pool and cascade reach types (Montgomery-Buffington Classification for Pacific NW mountain fluvial environments). This C1E site is located on Dry Creek, approximately midway between the DCEW catchment outlet and headwater source. Streamflow is west-southwest at this location. Non-perennial tributary input from the west occurs less than 100 m downstream of this measurement site. Riparian vegetation is abundant. Record peak flow at this site (2004-2012) occurred with spring runoff 2006. At this location, the channel is moderately confined, set within a flood plain no more than 100 m wide and bounded by an older floodplain terrace for which the total width as approximately 300 m at this location. For the period of record, flow has remained perennial at this site. Instrumentation at this site is installed within stilling wells at stream channel bottom within a shallow reach through which water drains freely over sand-gravel-cobble substrate. On-site measurement of established staff gage values are regressed against on-site discharge measurement to determine stage-discharge rating curves for the site, annually and subannually. Separate rating curves are established for adjacent staff gage-sensor installations at this site. On-site discharge measurement has been conducted with velocity-area, dilution and slope-area survey based methods. DATA/INSTRUMENT NOTES: Capacitance logger - Capacitance loggers used prior to 2007 were Trutrack (manufactured in New Zealand) water level sensors that also provided water temperature and air temperature. Solinst - Post 2007, secondary stream sensors installed are solinst water level sensors paired with solinst barometric measurement sensors. These sensors are self-logging instruments acquired from the Canada-based Solinst company. Both sensors provide stream or air temperature and pressure data. The Solinst Levellogger Gold Model 3001 0-15 ft and the Solinst Barologger Gold Model 3001 are utilized at our sites. Level logger +/- .01 ft accuracy-typical, .001% FS resolution; barologger +/- .003 ft accuracy-typical, .002% FS resolution. Barologgers applied to solinst total pressure data are installed at this site or at upstream and/or downstream site locations. Pressure transducer - Pressures transducers employed at our stream sites 1999-2013 include Global and Druck water level sensors. These sensors include atmospheric pressure compensation via vent tubing encased within the sensor cable to which a vented dessicant capsule is attached at cable end (within the datalogger box). The sensors are wired and programmed using Campbell Scientific dataloggers, CR10x prior to 2013. LG 2013, CR10x. Sensor resolution is 0.01 to 0.001 ft. Models employed at our sites are selected for expected maximum water depth <10 ft. A lower precision, higher range Druck pressure tranducer was temporarily employed at LG late 2003 till mid 2006. Druck models employed include PDCR 940, 1230 and 1830 series. Global models used include WL300 and GL300, either self logging or interface with Campbell Scientific dataloggers. As of 2018 exsting PT is a Druck 940 Conductivity-Temperature sensor - Campbell Scientific conductivity sensors employed at our sites include CS547A probes which require the Campbell A547 datalogger interface device. Older 247 models were employed prior to 2004. Data resolution is assessed as 0.001 ms/cm. ANNUAL ERRORS/GAPS/UPDATES: 2004-2005 - instruments include capacitance water level sensor (from 8/19/2004) providing stream and air\logger temperture and global self logging pressure transducer (from 8/12/2004), hourly data. PT data is considered less accurate to rating curve application. 2004-2006 rating curve applied, a=25.289 b=3.3083 for low Q, a=20.651 b=2.9624 for high Q, break at 0.7 ft water height. Ice corrections conducted for 11/21-11/23, 11/28-12/01, 12/21-12/26 2004, 1/3-1/6, 2/1-2/4, 2/8-2/12, 2/15-2/19 12/8-12/28 2005. Suspected low in discharge 12/1-12/8, 1/15-1/17 due to ice effects, not corrected. Time and values adjusted for temporary 30 minute off the hour data collection 4/1/05-4/10/05. Data gaps: PT - 7/15/05 1400, 9/10-9/11/05, caprod 4/10/05 1600 filled by interpolation. Data Notes: 4/1-4/10/2005 data interval temporarily on 30 minute, values averagedfor on the hour. Data accuracy: Rating curve error is +/- 31% for cr-derived discharge. Variation in PT and CapRod final values compared to staff are +/-0.05 for PT 2004-2006, +/- 0.01 for CR 2004-2006, stdev in ft. Discharge measured +/- 20%. 2006- instruments include global pressure transducer and capacitance rod, avail for stage and stream temperature until Jan 6, 2006, hourly data. 2004-2006 rating curve applied, a=25.289 b=3.3083 for low Q, a=20.651 b=2.9624 for high Q, break at 0.7 ft water height. Ice effect correction conducted for 2/11-2/13 2006, 2/16, 2/19-2/22 12/16-12/21, 12/30 2006. Data gaps: 1/6/06-1/7/06 pt. 11/15/06 1400 filled by interpolation. Data accuracy: +/- 43% for Discharge. Variation in PT values compared to staff is +/-0.05 for PT 2004-2006, stdev in ft. Discharge measured +/- 20% 2007- instruments include global pressure transducer, capacitance rod. PT data to 4/23/07 when damaged by cattle. New cap rod data beginning 11/7/07. Hourly data. Missing data: 3/11/07 1800 and 3/28/07 1600 filled via interpolation. 4/23 1800-12/31/2007 gap filled by interpolation with C1E Interpolation is based on an adjusted basin size to discharge ratio (BG vs C1E). The adjusted ratio accounts for greater snowpack received in BG due to elevation. With exception for 4/23 to 5/15, wherein the interpolation is conducted as an average of the above stated interpolation algorithm and adjustment by percent difference dettermined for April 2007 between C1E and LG. Raw data for BG used for interpolation Cap rod replacing PT on 11/7/2007, followed by solinst from 12/12/2007, employed for 2008. Data processing: 2007 PT rating curve applied, a=16.672 b=2.8525. Includes ice effect correction conducted for 1/10-1/14 and 1/4, 5,7, 2007. Correction also included for low stage noise. Cap rod: rating curve for 2007-2008, a=16.07 b=2.8464 Ice effects removed 12/9/07. Data accuracy: Variation in PT values compared to staff is +/- 0.02 ft for PT 2007. Discharge measured +/- 20%. Rating curve application for final values using combined high and low Q rating curves is +/- 20% error. 2008- instruments include capacitance rod and solinst levellogger (solinst from 12/12/07), hourly data. Missing data: none noted. Data processing: 2007-2008 rating curve applied, a=16.252 b=2.8528, staff-based, no offset applied to solinst data, comparable with staff. Includes ice effect correction conducted for high 12/21/07, 1/16/08, 12/9 and 12/15/08. Data notes: 3/27/08 1300 offset change for solinst data. The 12/31/08 0.96 value for top of ice verifies solinst output 12/29/08 14:41 0.96 ft, note pcp even ts and warm T preceding the 12/29/08 peak in streamflow. Raw timestamp is two minutes earlier than the on the hour timestamp presented. Data accuracy: Overall solinst is within 10% +/- of staff, after 3/27/08. Discharge measured +/- 20%. Rating curve application for final values using high and low Q rating curves is +/- 20% error. 2009- instruments include solinst levellogger only, hourly data. Missing data: none. Data processing: staff based rating curve with offset applied, a=17.4310 b=2.8847 r^2=.9852 Data notes: solinst data is noisy due to use of barologger at upstream BG or Con2E site rather than at C1E location. ice effect s removed. Raw timestamp is 8 to 13 minutes earlier than the presented on the hour timestamp. Data accuracy: Discharge measured +/- 20%. Rating curve application for final values using high and low Q rating curves is +/- 20% error. 2010- instruments include solinst levellogger only, hourly data. Missing data: none. Data processing: staff based rating curve with offset applied, a=17.4310 b=2.8847 r^2=.9852. Data notes: solinst data is noisy due to use of barologger at upstream BG or Con2E site rather than at C1E location. From 6/11/10, began using an improved baro correction which resulted inhigher stage and slightly higher discharge calculation. ice effects removed. Data accuracy: Discharge measured +/- 20%. Rating curve application for final values using high and low Q rating curves is +/- 20% error. 9/21/10 new pressure transducer installed, 30 minute data. 2011- instruments include druck pressure transducer and solinst. 9/21/10 new pressure transducer installed, 30 minute data. PT is primarily used for discharge in 2011, gapfilled with solinst data. Missing data: PT gaps1/20/11 1600 to 1/26/11 0200 filled with solinstdata for discharge and stream temperature, 10/20/11 1600 filled by interpolation. Data processing: staff based rating curve with offset applied to PT data a=36.977 b=-14.748 C=1.7768, R^2=.9876 for rating curve developed 2010-2012. Data notes: 10/20/11 changed PT offset. manual correction performed for 5/16/11 9-1130 am, 6/12-13 1700-1 am. 6/25/11, 3-730 am. ice effects have been removed/corrected for obvious effects over 5 cfs. rain on snow 1/17/11. solinst levellogger clock reset on 10/25/11 1400, prior to which clock is 10 minutes early. Data accuracy: Discharge measured +/- 20%. Rating curve application for final values using high and low Q rating curves is +/- 20% error. 2012- instruments include druck pressure transducer, conductivity-temperature sensor and solinst levellogger. hourly data. PT is primarily used for discharge, gapfilled with solinst data. Barologger installed at c2e 11/29/09, prior barologger installed at BG, upstream headwater catchment location. No gaps. Data processing: staff based rating curve with offset applied to PT data a=36.977 b=-14.748 C=1.7768, R^2=.9876 for rating curve developed 2010-2012. Data notes: Temperature and ec failed frm 9/18/12. 02/15/13 repaired wiring. ice effects have been removed/corrected for obvious effects over 5 cfs. rain on snow 1/19/12. Data accuracy: Discharge measured +/- 20%. Rating curve application for final values using high and low Q rating curves is +/- 20% error. 2013- instruments include druck pressure transducer, conductivity-temperature sensor and solinst levellogger. Data interval reverted to hourly on 3/27/13. T-ec sensor/wiring fail prior to 2/15/13 1300, data available thereafter. PT stream temperature is indicated as erroneously high, by apprx 5 degrees celsius as of 2/15/13. Cleaned conductivity probe on 3/27/13. Frozen conditions result in erroneous conductivity values after 11/21/2013/. Rating Curve for 2013 was determined with only a few estimated discharge values onsite, plus prior year values since 2010. Matlab used to calculate RC, power eqn a*x^b, a = 22.6874 b=2.3125 Though rating curve fits on-site measured values, 2009 to present, the continuous discharge time series trends low compared to measured values, apprx 10 L/s, 0.35 cf. Ice effects have been removed/corrected for obvious effects over 5 cfs. Ec data erroneous late 2013, from 11/21/13, due to freezing, set if to -6999. 2014 - instruments include druck pressure transducer, conductivity-temperature sensor and solinst levellogger, hourly data interval. Frozen conditions result in erroneous conductivity Jan, Feb, Dec. Ice effects have been removed/corrected for obvious effects over 5 cfs or 140 L/s. Stream temperature is indicated as erroneously high, by apprx 5 to 7 degrees celsius as measured by cond-T sensor. Early June, 2014, stream T and ec are erroneous due to sensor being above water while water was present and flowing in the channel. Rating curve usedfor solinst stage 2016-2017 mult = 17.5195, exp = 2.7755 converts stage in ft to discharge in cfs. Matlab used to calculate RC for PT, power eqn a*x^b, a = 22.6874 b=2.3125 Rating curve fits site measured values, 2009 to present. However, the continuous discharge time series trends low compared to measured value, by apprx 10 L/s, 0.35 cfs. Therefore, discharge calculated may be conservative. 2015 - both pressure transducer (primary sensor) and solinst data (solinst 4/28/15 - 9/25/15 to cover PT gap) are used to provide discharge data. PT data is preferred over solist during 2015 due to suspect lower discharge results with the solinst data. Summer 2015, 8/4-9/4,the solinst discharge data indicates instances of zero flow. Flow observed downstream of C1E indicates that actual zero flow at C1E is unlikely. The zero flow values are the likely result of rating curve innaccuracy near zero discharge. 2014 rating curves applied. Ice effects (erroneous high discharge, are not removed (suspect Jan and Dec). Peak discharge for 2015 occurs early Feb. Discharge calculated using 2014 rating curve is assessed as reasonable for 2015, though may be conservative, as similarly assessed for 2014. Solinst is used to provide stream temperature data to provide consistency due to gap in PT data. 2016 - solinst data used for discharge. PT suspect as drifting during peak flow, resulting in low discharge results. A new rating curve is calculated for solinst w/ 2017 site discharg measurement. Rating curve usedfor solinst stage 2016-2017 mult = 19.075, exp = 3.1728 r2.9558 converts stage in ft to discharge in cfs. Ice effects occur in stage data resulting in erroneous peak spikes during low flow freeze events, e.g. 2/20/2018. These are left to the user to assess via comparison with stream temperature and correct as needed, according to data use. Interpolation of flow through freezing events is a reasonable approach to correction. ec probe blocked w/ sediment in April. Temperature is provided by the conductivity-T probe. 2017 - solinst data used for discharge. PT appears to underrepresent flow near the end of peak spring runoff, possible sensor/installation drift. Rating curve usedfor solinst stage 2016-2017 mult = 19.075, exp = 3.1728 r2.9558 converts stage in ft to discharge in cfs. Ice effects occur in stage data resulting in erroneous peak spikes during low flow freeze events, e.g. 1/9/2017. These are left to the user to assess via comparison with stream temperature and correct as needed, according to data use. Interpolation of flow through freezing events is a reasonable approach to correction. Temperature is provided by the conductivity-T probe. Minor noise as zero values occur March-April, these were removed via interpolation where water level change was minimal. 2018 - CR10X replaced w/ CR800 logger Nov 2018. Major winter ice effects on stage data manually removed (as values +/- avg winter stage 10 cm). Stage, cond and stream T provided by these Campbell loggers and sensors. Additional solinst water level and T data is available. Cond sensor failure Nov-Dec. NOTE PER AVERAGE WINTER STAGE: During the winter period of riparian vegetation inactivity, a constant baseflow is indicated. 2019 - CR800 to 2/17/2019 cond sensor non operational. Collection gap 2/17 - 2/19 2019. Conductivity negative and zero values indicate cond probe air contact during peak flow turbulent flow. Major winter ice effects on stage data manually removed (as values +/- avg winter stage 8 cm). 2020 - Rating curve, matlab derived from on site stage-discharge data, 22.26*stage^2.4 Winter stream data includes numerous ice effects, e.g. spikes and dips in stage data that are merely the effects of freezing conditions on the pressure transducer, NOT RELATED TO actual changes in discharge. 2021 - Rating curve, excel derived from on site stage-discharge data, 19.129*stage^2.2375 Offset applied is zero. Winter stream data includes numerous ice effects, e.g. spikes and dips in stage data that are merely the effects of freezing conditions on the pressure transducer, NOT RELATED TO actual changes in discharge. 2022 - Rating curve, excel derived from on site stage-discharge data, 19.129*stage^2.2375 Offset applied is zero, as pressure transducer values correlate well with the onsite staff gage. Winter stream data includes numerous ice effects, e.g. spikes and dips in stage data that are merely the effects of freezing conditions on the pressure transducer, NOT RELATED TO actual changes in discharge. Comparison of water level with conductivity, temperature and local precipitation may be used to interpret noise vs. actual discharge increase/decrease.